目前沼氣脫碳的工藝方法有膜分離、變壓吸附（PSA）、化學(xué)吸收以及低溫冷凝提純法。膜分離膜分離提純法是利用不同氣體組分在壓力驅(qū)動下通過膜的滲透性作用的不同來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，通常情況下二氧化碳的滲透速度快，作為快氣以透過氣排出，甲烷的滲透速度慢，作為慢氣以透余氣形式獲得提純產(chǎn)品氣。

　　At present, the process methods for decarbonization of biogas include membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), chemical absorption, and low-temperature condensation purification. The membrane separation and purification method is achieved by utilizing the different permeability effects of different gas components through the membrane under pressure drive. Generally, carbon dioxide has a fast permeation rate and is discharged as permeate gas as a fast gas, while methane has a slow permeation rate and is obtained as purified product gas in the form of permeate gas as a slow gas.

　　在工程中，為了提高甲烷氣的濃度，常采用多級膜分離工藝。

　　In engineering, multi-stage membrane separation technology is often used to increase the concentration of methane gas.

　　工藝優(yōu)點(diǎn)：模塊化安裝，可安裝于集裝箱內(nèi)，擴(kuò)展與增容簡易，系統(tǒng)占地面小；能耗主要為壓縮機(jī)電耗，且無需外來補(bǔ)充水和溶液。

　　Process advantages: modular installation, can be installed inside containers, easy expansion and capacity expansion, and the system takes up less floor space; The energy consumption is mainly due to the power consumption of the compressor, and there is no need for external water and solution supplementation.

　　工藝缺點(diǎn)：目前規(guī)模化應(yīng)用少，投資高，分離膜依賴進(jìn)口，且對沼氣預(yù)處理要求高。

　　Process disadvantages: Currently, there are few large-scale applications, high investment, dependence on imported separation membranes, and high requirements for biogas pretreatment.

　　變壓吸附（PSA）變壓吸附提純法是利用吸附劑（如分子篩等）對二氧化碳的選擇性吸附特點(diǎn), 即在吸附劑上二氧化碳相對其他氣態(tài)組分有較高的分離系數(shù), 來達(dá)到對沼氣中二氧化碳進(jìn)行脫除的目的。

　　The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) purification method utilizes the selective adsorption characteristics of adsorbents (such as molecular sieves) for carbon dioxide, which means that carbon dioxide has a higher separation coefficient compared to other gaseous components on the adsorbent, in order to achieve the goal of removing carbon dioxide from biogas.

　　在吸附過程中，原料氣在加壓條件下其中的二氧化碳被吸附在吸附塔內(nèi)，甲烷等其他弱吸附性氣體作為凈化氣排出，當(dāng)吸附飽和后將吸附柱減壓甚至抽成真空使被吸附的二氧化碳釋放出來。為了保證對氣體的連續(xù)處理要求，變壓吸附法至少需要兩個吸附塔, 也可是三塔、四塔或更多。

　　During the adsorption process, carbon dioxide in the raw gas is adsorbed in the adsorption tower under pressurized conditions, while other weakly adsorbing gases such as methane are discharged as purified gas. When the adsorption is saturated, the adsorption column is depressurized or even evacuated to release the adsorbed carbon dioxide. In order to ensure the continuous processing requirements for gases, the pressure swing adsorption method requires at least two adsorption towers, but can also have three towers, four towers, or more.

　　工藝優(yōu)點(diǎn)：目前新開發(fā)的主副塔結(jié)構(gòu)式變壓吸附脫碳裝置，改變了傳統(tǒng)變壓吸附甲烷回收率低、凈化度低等問題。整個裝置操作簡便，維修量少，同時克服了化學(xué)脫碳的起泡、易腐蝕、耗蒸汽等缺點(diǎn)。

　　Process advantages: The newly developed main and auxiliary tower structure pressure swing adsorption decarbonization unit has changed the problems of low methane recovery rate and low purification degree in traditional pressure swing adsorption. The entire device is easy to operate, requires minimal maintenance, and overcomes the disadvantages of chemical decarbonization such as foaming, corrosion, and steam consumption.

　　工藝缺點(diǎn)：在實(shí)際工程運(yùn)行中，變壓吸附中的分子篩易中毒、失去活性，分子篩在變壓吸附中所占成本比例較高。化學(xué)吸收吸收提純法是利用有機(jī)胺溶液（一級胺、二級胺、三級胺、空間位阻胺等）與二氧化碳的物理化學(xué)吸收特性來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，即在吸收塔內(nèi)的加壓、常溫條件下與沼氣中的二氧化碳發(fā)生吸收反應(yīng)進(jìn)行脫碳提純甲烷，吸收富液在再生塔內(nèi)的減壓、加熱條件下發(fā)生逆向解析反應(yīng)，釋放出高純度的二氧化碳?xì)怏w，同時富液得到再生具備重新吸收二氧化碳的能力，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)沼氣在吸收塔內(nèi)的連續(xù)脫碳提純甲烷過程，并使得脫碳液進(jìn)行連續(xù)的吸收、再生循環(huán)工作

　　Process disadvantages: In actual engineering operation, molecular sieves in pressure swing adsorption are prone to poisoning and loss of activity, and the cost proportion of molecular sieves in pressure swing adsorption is relatively high. The chemical absorption absorption purification method is achieved by utilizing the physical and chemical absorption characteristics of organic amine solutions (primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, steric hindrance amines, etc.) and carbon dioxide, that is, absorbing and reacting with carbon dioxide in biogas under pressure and room temperature conditions in the absorption tower to decarbonize and purify methane. The absorbed rich solution undergoes reverse decomposition reaction under reduced pressure and heating conditions in the regeneration tower, releasing high-purity carbon dioxide gas. At the same time, the rich solution is regenerated and has the ability to reabsorb carbon dioxide, thus realizing the continuous decarbonization and purification of methane in biogas in the absorption tower, and enabling the decarbonization solution to perform continuous absorption and regeneration cycle work

　　工藝優(yōu)點(diǎn)：CO2去除效果好，CH4回收率高達(dá)99%以上，解析氣CO2純度高，無甲烷氣，可直接回收利用；該工藝主要適用于大中型沼氣提純項(xiàng)目，該系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性好、操作簡單，每年只需補(bǔ)充一定量的化學(xué)吸收劑，系統(tǒng)壽命大于15年。

　　Process advantages: Good CO2 removal effect, CH4 recovery rate of over 99%, high purity of analytical gas CO2, no methane gas, can be directly recovered and utilized; This process is mainly suitable for large and medium-sized biogas purification projects. The system has good stability and simple operation, requiring only a certain amount of chemical absorbent to be added each year. The system has a lifespan of over 15 years.

　　工藝缺點(diǎn)：在吸收劑的解析過程需要一定量的蒸汽，由于蒸汽的使用增加了脫碳的運(yùn)行費(fèi)用，增加了系統(tǒng)的施工難度。低溫冷凝提純法低溫冷凝提純法是利用二氧化碳液化溫度高的特點(diǎn)，通過低溫作用使沼氣中的二氧化碳被液化，甲烷組分作為不凝氣以提純產(chǎn)品氣排出。為了降低運(yùn)行能耗，通常采用回?zé)峒夹g(shù)將剩余冷量進(jìn)行回收。

　　Process disadvantage: A certain amount of steam is required during the analysis process of the absorbent, which increases the operating cost of decarbonization and the construction difficulty of the system due to the use of steam. The low-temperature condensation purification method utilizes the high liquefaction temperature of carbon dioxide to liquefy the carbon dioxide in biogas through low-temperature action, and the methane component is discharged as non condensable gas to purify the product gas. In order to reduce operating energy consumption, regenerative technology is usually used to recover the remaining cooling capacity.

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